Anatomy

Description

• The shoulder joint is a multi-axial joint with muscles crossing it to allow shoulder range of motion (ROM)
• The rotator cuff muscles are important in allowing shoulder ROM
• The rotator cuff muscles consist of Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
• Other important shoulder muscles that allow shoulder ROM include long head of Biceps and the Deltoid muscle

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis is a shoulder condition where there is shoulder inflammation with clinical manifestation that includes shoulder pain and stiffness.

The shoulder pain and stiffness worsen over time and then slowly resolves. Full recovery may take 2-3 years.

Frozen shoulders commonly affect 40 to 60-year-old individuals and is associated with conditions like Diabetes and hormonal dysfunction that include thyroid abnormalities, cardiac disease, and Parkinsons.

Normal shoulder abduction ROM

Normal shoulder external ROM

Normal shoulder internal ROM

• Management include non operative measures or operative surgery where indicated
• Shoulder Rehabilitation

Shoulder injection with steroid and local anesthetic

Pendulum shoulder range of motion

Pendulum shoulder strength exercise

Shoulder strengthening with resistance band

Description

Shoulder arthroscopy: arthroscopic shoulder joint surgery where rotator cuff tendons are repaired/debrided ± an acromioplasty ± removal of loose fragments ± debridement, capsular release.