The foot consists of the Hindfoot (calcaneus and talus bones), Midfoot (navicular, cuboid, cuneiform bones) and Forefoot (metatarsal and phalanx bones).

The ankle joint is a hinge joint with muscles crossing it to allow ankle range of motion (ROM) while muscles crossing the midfoot and forefoot area allow foot ROM.

• Hallux valgus is a condition affecting the big toe where there is lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx on the metatarsal head
• It is more common in woman
• There is a hereditary contributing component to its incidence
• Other disorders that cause the deformity include rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue disorders

• Valgus deviation of big toe
• Sesamoid bones shifts outwards
• The inside (medial) metacarpal-phalanx joint capsule becomes attenuated while the outside (lateral) capsule contracts
• The adductor muscle becomes a perpetuating deforming factor

• Big toe deformity and progressive worsening of the deformity
• Pain at metacarpal-phalanx joint area with pain worsening using tight-fitting shoes
• Inside (medial) bunion with intermittent swelling and redness
• Occasional digital nerve compression symptoms
• Associated deformities include other toe deformities such as hammertoes

• Examination to confirm diagnosis
• Radiological workup include standing foot X-rays

• Non operative measures include analgesia, shoe wear modifications with wider low heeled shoes, padding over bunion area
• Definitive management is Hallux valgus surgery correction

• Soft tissue surgery procedure: bunionectomy, soft tissue release with capsule corrective procedure
• Osteotomy: correct the bone malalignment